What is Review of Related Literature and Studies?             As you go through the research process, you often hear various citation styles, references and anything that requires extensive reading, specifically on Review of Related Literature and Studies. In Thesis, Chapter 2 is solely dedicated for such content. It has 2 parts; Literature and Studies. The common misconception is that, the two are just the same. The proper arrangement must be Local Literature, Foreign Literature, Local Studies, Foreign Studies and Synthesis.             What are the differences in between Literature and Studies?                     Literature deals with articles, journals, books or any published material that undergoes rigorous peer-reviewed process to ensure that the manuscript is valid and factual. Meanwhile, Studies focuses on previous research, theses and dissertations, hence the namesake. These two are use as underpinnings on the field of study and as a proof that certain information can further

  Review of Related Literature and Studies on Philippines-China Encounters How Manila’s Chinese in the 17 th to 19 th Centuries Were Ostracized and Yet     Considered as Essential Outsiders      The early Chinese traders have reached the Philippine islands as early as 4 th Century in Mindanao. They inter-marry with locals in which established and strengthen their allegiance within the community creating a new sense of identity due to interracial marriages in areas such as in Zamboanga and Sulu. From the southernmost tip of the Philippines, these early Chinese traders and even missionaries find their way northward until such time that they have reached the areas of Binondo situated in the Spanish colonial capital, Manila. Mario Alvaro Limos in 2019 examined how the Chinese was treated during under the colony of Spain despite their contribution in the Philippine society. They were businessmen yet they were seen as outcasts in the community.      The Chinese played a crucial